Publications

Click on the reference links to be directed to the associated NCBI Pubmed Page.

Peer Reviewed Manuscripts (In Reverse Chronological Order)

E. T. Kelly, L. K. Mack, M. Campos, C. Grippin, T.-Y. Chen, A. L. Romero-Weaver, K. J. Kosinski, K. K. Brisco, T. C. Collier, E. A. Buckner, L. P. Campbell, A. J. Cornel, G. C. Lanzaro, R. Rosario-Cruz, K. Smith, G. M. Attardo, Y. Lee, Evidence of Local Extinction and Reintroduction of Aedes aegypti in Exeter, California. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases. 2, 8 (2021).

M. Pinch, S. Mitra, S. D. Rodriguez, Y. Li, Y. Kandel, B. Dungan, F. O. Holguin, G. M. Attardo, I. A. Hansen, Fat and happy: Profiling mosquito fat body lipid storage and composition post-blood meal. Front. Insect Sci. 1 (2021), doi:10.3389/finsc.2021.693168.

P. U. Olafson, S. Aksoy, G. M. Attardo, G. Buckmeier, X. Chen, C. J. Coates, M. Davis, J. Dykema, S. J. Emrich, M. Friedrich, C. J. Holmes, P. Ioannidis, E. N. Jansen, E. C. Jennings, D. Lawson, E. O. Martinson, G. L. Maslen, R. P. Meisel, T. D. Murphy, D. Nayduch, D. R. Nelson, K. J. Oyen, T. J. Raszick, J. M. C. Ribeiro, H. M. Robertson, A. J. Rosendale, T. B. Sackton, P. Saelao, S. L. Swiger, S.-H. Sze, A. M. Tarone, D. B. Taylor, W. C. Warren, R. M. Waterhouse, M. T. Weirauch, J. H. Werren, R. K. Wilson, E. M. Zdobnov, J. B. Benoit, The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control. BMC Biol. 19, 41 (2021).

L. K. Mack, E. T. Kelly, Y. Lee, K. K. Brisco, K. V. Shen, A. Zahid, T. van Schoor, A. J. Cornel, G. M. Attardo, Frequency of sodium channel genotypes and association with pyrethrum knockdown time in populations of Californian Aedes aegypti. Parasit. Vectors. 14, 141 (2021).

G. Finch, S. Nandyal, C. Perretta, B. Davies, A. J. Rosendale, C. J. Holmes, J. D. Gantz, D. E. Spacht, S. T. Bailey, X. Chen, K. Oyen, E. M. Didion, S. Chakraborty, R. E. Lee Jr, D. L. Denlinger, S. F. Matter, G. M. Attardo, M. T. Weirauch, J. B. Benoit, Multi-level analysis of reproduction in an Antarctic midge identifies female and male accessory gland products that are altered by larval stress and impact progeny viability. Sci. Rep. 10, 19791 (2020).

G. M. Attardo, N. Tam, D. Parkinson, L. K. Mack, X. J. Zahnle, J. Arguellez, P. Takáč, A. R. Malacrida, Interpreting Morphological Adaptations Associated with Viviparity in the Tsetse Fly Glossina morsitans (Westwood) by Three-Dimensional Analysis. Insects. 11 (2020), doi:10.3390/insects11100651.

T. van Schoor, E. T. Kelly, N. Tam, G. M. Attardo, Impacts of Dietary Nutritional Composition on Larval Development and Adult Body Composition in the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti). Insects. 11 (2020), doi:10.3390/insects11080535.

M. G. Onyango, G. M. Attardo, E. T. Kelly, S. M. Bialosuknia, J. Stout, E. Banker, L. Kuo, A. T. Ciota, L. D. Kramer, Zika Virus Infection Results in Biochemical Changes Associated With RNA Editing, Inflammatory and Antiviral Responses in Aedes albopictus. Front. Microbiol. 11, 2456 (2020).

J. B. Benoit, G. M. Attardo, B. L. Weiss, Tsetse Flies (Glossinidae) in Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences (Elsevier, 2020; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128187319000045).

Attardo GM, Abd-Alla AMM, Acosta-Serrano A, Allen JE, Bateta R, Benoit JB, Bourtzis K, Caers J, Caljon G, Christensen MB, Farrow DW, Friedrich M, Hua-Van A, Jennings EC, Larkin DM, Lawson D, Lehane MJ, Lenis VP, Lowy-Gallego E, Macharia RW, Malacrida AR, Marco HG, Masiga D, Maslen GL, Matetovici I, Meisel RP, Meki I, Michalkova V, Miller WJ, Minx P, Mireji PO, Ometto L, Parker AG, Rio R, ROse C, Rosendale AJ, Rota-Stabelli O, Savini G, Schoofs L, Scolari F, Swain MT, Takáč P, Tomlinson C, Tsiamis G, Van Den Abbeele J, Vigneron A, Wang J, Warren WC, Waterhouse RM, Weirauch MT, Weiss BL, Wilson RK, Zhao X, Aksoy S: Comparative genomic analysis of six Glossina genomes, vectors of African trypanosomes. Genome Biol. 2019, 20(1): 187.

Benoit JB, Kolliker M, Attardo GM: Putting invertebrate lactation in context. Science 2019, 363:593.

Vigneron A, Aksoy E, Weiss BL, Bing X, Zhao X, Awuoche EO, O'Neill MB, Wu Y, Attardo GM, Aksoy S: A fine-tuned vector-parasite dialogue in tsetse's cardia determines peritrophic matrix integrity and trypanosome transmission success. PLoS Pathog 2018, 14:e1006972.

Scolari F, Attardo GM, Aksoy E, Weiss B, Savini G, Takac P, Abd-Alla A, Parker AG, Aksoy S, Malacrida AR: Symbiotic microbes affect the expression of male reproductive genes in Glossina m. morsitans. BMC Microbiol 2018, 18:169.

Chung HN, Rodriguez SD, Gonzales KK, Vulcan J, Cordova JJ, Mitra S, Adams CG, Moses-Gonzales N, Tam N, Cluck JW, Attardo GM, Hansen, IA: Toward Implementation of Mosquito Sterile Insect Technique: The Effect of Storage Conditions on Survival of Male Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) During Transport. J Insect Sci 2018, 18.

Benoit JB, Michalkova V, Didion EM, Xiao Y, Baumann AA, Attardo GM, Aksoy S: Rapid autophagic regression of the milk gland during involution is critical for maximizing tsetse viviparous reproductive output. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018, 12:e0006204.

A. Vigneron, E. Aksoy, B. L. Weiss, X. Bing, X. Zhao, E. O. Awuoche, M. B. O’Neill, Y. Wu, G. M. Attardo, S. Aksoy, A fine-tuned vector-parasite dialogue in tsetse’s cardia determines peritrophic matrix integrity and trypanosome transmission success. PLoS Pathog. 14, e1006972 (2018).

E. O. Awuoche, B. L. Weiss, A. Vigneron, P. O. Mireji, E. Aksoy, B. Nyambega, G. M. Attardo, Y. Wu, M. O’Neill, G. Murilla, S. Aksoy, Molecular characterization of tsetse’s proboscis and its response to Trypanosoma congolense infection. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 11, e0006057 (2017).

Chung HN, Rodriguez SD, Carpenter VK, Vulcan J, Bailey CD, Nageswara-Rao M, Li Y, Attardo GM, Hansen IA: Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus. J Vis Exp 2017.

Bonizzoni M, Attardo G: Editorial overview: Vectors and medical and veterinary entomology: Becoming vectors or victims, the intriguing interplay between insects and viruses. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2017, 22:v-vii.

Bing X, Attardo GM, Vigneron A, Aksoy E, Scolari F, Malacrida A, Weiss BL, Aksoy S. Unravelling the relationship between the tsetse fly and its obligate symbiont Wigglesworthia: transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes reveal highly integrated physiological networks. Proceedings Biological sciences / The Royal Society. 2017;284(1857). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0360. PubMed PMID: 28659447; PMCID: PMC5489720.

Rio RV, Attardo G.M., Weiss BL. Grandeur Alliances: Symbiont Metabolic Integration and Obligate Arthropod Hematophagy. Trends Parasitol. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.05.002. PubMed PMID: 27236581.

Benoit JB, Adelman ZN, Reinhardt K, Dolan A, Poelchau M, Jennings EC, Szuter EM, Hagan RW, Gujar H, Shukla JN, Zhu F, Mohan M, Nelson DR, Rosendale AJ, Derst C, Resnik V, Wernig S, Menegazzi P, Wegener C, Peschel N, Hendershot JM, Blenau W, Predel R, Johnston PR, Ioannidis P, Waterhouse RM, Nauen R, Schorn C, Ott MC, Maiwald F, Johnston JS, Gondhalekar AD, Scharf ME, Peterson BF, Raje KR, Hottel BA, Armisen D, Crumiere AJ, Refki PN, Santos ME, Sghaier E, Viala S, Khila A, Ahn SJ, Childers C, Lee CY, Lin H, Hughes DS, Duncan EJ, Murali SC, Qu J, Dugan S, Lee SL, Chao H, Dinh H, Han Y, Doddapaneni H, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Wheeler D, Panfilio KA, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Vargo EL, Booth W, Friedrich M, Weirauch MT, Anderson MA, Jones JW, Mittapalli O, Zhao C, Zhou JJ, Evans JD, Attardo GM, Robertson HM, Zdobnov EM, Ribeiro JM, Gibbs RA, Werren JH, Palli SR, Schal C, Richards S. (2016). Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome. Nature communications. 2016;7:10165. PubMed PMID: 26836814; PMCID: PMC4740739.

Benoit J, Michalkova V, Szuter E, Medlock J, Baumann A, Attardo G., Aksoy S, editors. Rapid autophagic involution of the tsetse fly milk gland is critical to the efficiency of lactation and population growth. Integr Comp Biol; 2016: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA.

Scolari F., Benoit J.B., Michalkova V., Aksoy E., Takac P., Abd-Alla A.M., Malacrida A.R., Aksoy S., Attardo G.M. (2016). The Spermatophore in Glossina morsitans morsitans: Insights into Male Contributions to Reproduction. Scientific reports. 2016;6:20334. PubMed PMID: 26847001.

Benoit J.B., Attardo G.M., Baumann A.A., Michalkova V., Aksoy S. Adenotrophic viviparity in tsetse flies: potential for population control and as an insect model for lactation. Annu Rev Entomol. 2015;60:351-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020834. PubMed PMID: 25341093; PMCID: PMC4453834.

Shaw WR, Attardo G.M., Aksoy S, Catteruccia F. A comparative analysis of reproductive biology of insect vectors of human disease. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2015;10(0):142-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.05.001. PubMed PMID: 26140265; PMCID: PMC4484812.

Mwangi S, Attardo G, Suzuki Y, Aksoy S, Christoffels A. (2015) TSS seq based core promoter architecture in blood feeding Tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans) vector of Trypanosomiasis. BMC Genomics. 16(1):722. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-1921-6. PubMed PMID: 26394619; PMCID: 4578606.

Aksoy S, Weiss BL, Attardo G.M. Trypanosome Transmission Dynamics in Tsetse. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2014;3:43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.07.003. PubMed PMID: 25580379; PMCID: PMC4286356.

International Glossina Genome Initative (Lead Author: Attardo, G.M.). 2014. Genome sequence of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans): vector of African trypanosomiasis. Science 344(6182):380-6. PMID: 24763584

Benoit, J.B., Attardo, G.M., Michalkova, V., Krause, T.B., Bohova, J., Zhang, Q., Baumann, A.A., Mireji, P.O., Takáč P., Denlinger D.L., Ribeiro, J.M., Aksoy, S. 2014. A Novel Highly Divergent Protein Family Identified from a Viviparous Insect by RNA-seq Analysis: A Potential Target for Tsetse Fly-Specific Abortifacients. PLoS Genet 10(4): e1003874. PMCID: PMC3998918

Attardo, G.M., Benoit, J.B., Michalkova, V., Patrick, K.R., Krause, T.B., Aksoy, S. 2014. The Homeodomain Protein Ladybird Late Regulates Synthesis of Milk Proteins during Pregnancy in the Tsetse Fly (Glossina morsitans). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(4): e2645. PMCID: PMC3998940

Benoit, J.B., Hansen, I.A., Attardo, G.M., Michalkova, V., Mireji, P.O., Bargul, J.L., Drake, L.L., Masiga D.K., Aksoy, S. 2014. Aquaporins Are Critical for Provision of Water during Lactation and Intrauterine Progeny Hydration to Maintain Tsetse Fly Reproductive Success. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(4): e2517. PMCID: PMC3998938

Aksoy, S., Attardo, G., Berriman, M., Christoffels, A., Lehane, M., Masiga, D., Toure, Y. 2014. Human african trypanosomiasis research gets a boost: unraveling the tsetse genome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(4): e2624. PMCID: PMC3998789

Michalkova, V., Benoit, J. B., Weiss, B. L., Attardo, G. M. and Aksoy, S. 2014. Vitamin B6 generated by obligate symbionts is critical for maintaining proline homeostasis and fecundity in tsetse flies. Appl Environ Microbiol Epub Date: 2014/07/20, ISSN: 0099-2240, DOI: 10.1128/aem.01150-14, PMID: 25038091

Michalkova, V., Benoit, J.B., Attardo, G.M., Medlock, J., Aksoy, S. 2014. Amelioration of reproduction-associated oxidative stress in a viviparous insect is critical to prevent reproductive senescence. PLoS One 9(4):e87554. PMCID: PMC3998933

Baumann, A.A., Benoit, J.B., Michalkova, V., Mireji, P.O., Attardo, G.M., Moulton, J.K., Wilson, T.G., Aksoy, S. 2013. Juvenile hormone and insulin suppress lipolysis between periods of lactation during tsetse fly pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 372(1-2):30-41. PMID: 23499946

Attardo, G.M., Benoit, J.B., Michalkova, V., Yang, G., Roller, L., Bohova, J., Takáč, P., Aksoy, S. 2012. Analysis of lipolysis underlying lactation in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 42(5):360-70. PMCID: PMC3561780

Benoit J.B., Attardo G.M., Michalkova V., Takac P., Bohova J., 2012. Aksoy S. Sphingomyelinase Activity in Mother's Milk Is Essential for Juvenile Development: A Case from Lactating Tsetse Flies. Biol Reprod. 87(1):17. PMCID: PMC3406556

Benoit J.B., Yang G., Krause T.B., Patrick K.R., Aksoy S., Attardo, G.M., 2011. Lipophorin acts as a shuttle of lipids to the milk gland during tsetse fly pregnancy. J Insect Physiol. 57, (11), 1553-1561. PMCID: 3209505.

Bonomi, A., Bassetti, F., Gabrieli, P., Beadell, J., Falchetto, M., Scolari, F., Gomulski, L.M., Regazzini, E., Ouma, J.O., Caccone, A., Okedi, L.M., Attardo, G.M., Guglielmino, C.R., Aksoy, S., Malacrida, A.R., 2011. Polyandry is a common event in wild populations of the Tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and may impact population reduction measures. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 5, e1190. PMCID: 3110164

Hansen, I.A., Boudko, D.Y., Shiao, S.H., Voronov, D.A., Meleshkevitch, E.A., Drake, L.L., Aguirre, S.E., Fox, J.M., Attardo, G.M., Raikhel, A.S., 2011. AaCAT1 of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti: a novel histidine-specific amino acid transporter from the SLC7 family. Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, 10803-10813. PMCID: 3060531

Attardo, G.M., Ribeiro, J.M.C., Wu, Y, Berriman, M., Aksoy, S., 2010. Transcriptome analysis of reproductive tissue and intrauterine developmental stages of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans). BMC Genomics 11(1), 160. PMCID: 2846916

Alves-Silva, J., Ribeiro, J.M., Van Den Abbeele, J., Attardo, G., Hao, Z., Haines, L.R., Soares, M.B., Berriman, M., Aksoy, S. and Lehane, M.J., 2010. An insight into the sialome of Glossina morsitans morsitans. BMC Genomics 11, 213. PMCID: 2853526

Yang, G., Attardo, G.M., Lohs, C., and Aksoy, S., 2010. Molecular characterization of two novel milk proteins in the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans). Insect Mol. Biol. 19(2), 253-262. PMCID: 2862765

Attardo, G.M., Lohs, C., Heddi, A., Alam, U.H., Yildirim, S. and Aksoy, S., 2008. Analysis of milk gland structure and function in Glossina morsitans: Milk protein production, symbiont populations and fecundity. J Insect Physiol 54, 1236-42. PMCID: 2613686

Hu, C., Rio, R. V. M., Medlock, J., Haines, L. R., Nayduch, D., Savage, A. F., Guz, N., Attardo, G. M., Pearson, T. W., Galvani, A. P., and Aksoy, S., 2008. Infections with immunogenic trypanosomes reduce tsetse reproductive fitness: Potential impact of different parasite strains on vector population structure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2(3), e192. PMCID: 2265429

Guz, N., Attardo, G.M., Wu, Y., and Aksoy, S., 2007. Molecular aspects of transferrin expression in the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans). J.Insect Physiol 53, 715-723. PMCID: 2065764

Strickler-Dinglasan, P.M., Guz, N., Attardo, G.M., and Aksoy, S., 2006. Molecular characterization of iron binding proteins from Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol. 36, 921-933. PMCID: 1698469

Attardo, G.M., Hansen, I.A., Shiao, S.H., and Raikhel, A.S., 2006. Identification of two cationic amino acid transporters required for nutritional signaling during mosquito reproduction. J.Exp.Biol. 209, 3071-3078. PMID:16888056

Attardo, G.M., Strickler-Dinglasan, P., Perkin, S.A., Caler, E., Bonaldo, M.F., Soares, M.B., El-Sayeed, N., and Aksoy, S., 2006. Analysis of fat body transcriptome from the adult tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans. Insect Mol.Biol. 15, 411-424. PMID: 16907828.

Park, J.H., Attardo, G.M., Hansen, I.A., and Raikhel, A.S., 2006. GATA factor translation is the final downstream step in the amino acid/target-of-rapamycin-mediated vitellogenin gene expression in the anautogenous mosquito Aedes aegypti. J.Biol.Chem. 281, 11167-11176. PMID:16490782

Attardo, G.M., Hansen, I.A., and Raikhel, A.S., 2005. Nutritional regulation of vitellogenesis in mosquitoes: implications for anautogeny. Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol. 35, 661-675. PMID:15894184

Hansen, I.A., Attardo, G.M., Roy, S.G., and Raikhel, A.S., 2005. Target of rapamycin-dependent activation of S6 kinase is a central step in the transduction of nutritional signals during egg development in a mosquito. J.Biol.Chem. 280, 20565-20572. PMID: 15788394.

Hansen, I.A., Attardo, G.M., Park, J.H., Peng, Q., and Raikhel, A.S., 2004. Target of rapamycin-mediated amino acid signaling in mosquito anautogeny. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 101, 10626-10631. PMCID: PMC489984

Attardo, G.M., Higgs, S., Klingler, K.A., Vanlandingham, D.L., and Raikhel, A.S., 2003. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of a GATA factor reveals a link to anautogeny in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 100, 13374-13379. PMCID: PMC263821

Costero, A., Attardo, G.M., Scott, T.W., and Edman, J.D., 1998. An experimental study on the detection of fructose in Aedes aegypti. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 14, 234-242. PMID: 9813818.

Reviews, Chapters and Books

Benoit JB, Attardo GM, Baumann AA, Michalkova V, Aksoy S. (2015) Adenotrophic Viviparity in Tsetse Flys: Potentials for Population Control and as an Insect Model of Lactation. Annu Rev Entomol. 60(1) doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020834. PubMed PMID: 25341093.

Shaw WR, Attardo GM, Aksoy S, Catteruccia F. (2015) A comparative analysis of reproductive biology of insect vectors of human disease. Current Opinion in Insect Science. 10(0):142-8. PMID: 26140265 PMCID: PMC4484812 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2015.05.001.

Aksoy S., Weiss, B.L., Attardo, G.M. (2014) Trypanosome transmission dynamics in tsetse. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci., Available online 5 August 2014, ISSN 2214-5745, DOI:10.1016/j.cois.2014.07.003.

Benoit, J. B., Hansen, I. A., Szuter, E. M., Drake, L. L., Burnett, D. L. and Attardo, G. M. (2014) Emerging roles of aquaporins in relation to the physiology of blood-feeding arthropods. J Comp Physiol B: June 19, 2014. PMID: 24942313. DOI:10.1007/s00360-014-0836-x

Hansen I.A., Attardo G.M., Rodriguez S.D., Drake L.L. (2014) Four-way regulation of mosquito yolk protein precursor genes by juvenile hormone-, ecdysone-, nutrient-, and insulin-like peptide signaling pathways. Front Physiol 5: 103. PMCID: PMC3960487

Weiss, B.L., Attardo, G.M., and Aksoy, S. 2009. Insect-Protozoa-Bacteria Associations: a Model System for Investigating Host-Parasite Interactions. In: Molecular Approaches and Techniques in Insect Pathology, eds. Stock, P., Boemare, N., Glazer, I., Vanderberg, J., CABI publishing, Cambridge, MA.

Aksoy S, Brian, W and Attardo, G.M., 2008. Paratransgenesis applied for control of tsetse transmitted Sleeping Sickness. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 627, 35-48. PMID: 18510012

Weiss, B.L., Attardo, G.M., Pais, R., Wang, J., and Aksoy, S. 2007. Novel strategies targeting pathogen transmission reduction in insect vectors: Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis control (invited review). Entomological Research 37: 231-237

Martin, D., Attardo, G.M., Hansen, I.A., and Raikhel, A.S. Molecular Mechanisms of Tissue-Specific Gene Expression In Insects. In: Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates Vol. XII, Part B. Recent Progress in Vitellogenesis, A. Raikhel, (Ed.) John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex UK

Attardo, G.M., Hansen, I.A., and Raikhel, A.S., 2005 Nutritional regulation of vitellogenesis in mosquitoes: implications for anautogeny. Insect Biochem. Mol Biol. 35(7):661-75.

Raikhel, A.S., Kokoza, V.A., Zhu, J., Martin, D., Wang, S.F., Li, C., Sun, G., Ahmed, A., Dittmer, N., and Attardo, G.M., 2002. Molecular biology of mosquito vitellogenesis: from basic studies to genetic engineering of antipathogen immunity. Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol. 32, 1275-1286. PMID: 12225918.

Preprints

Attardo GM, Abd-Alla AMM, Acosta-Serrano A, Allen JE, Bateta R, Benoit J, Bourtzis K, Caers J, Caljon G, Christensen MB, et al: The Glossina Genome Cluster: Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Vectors of African Trypanosomes. bioRxiv 2019:531749.